Under Penal Code 17(b) PC, felony reductions to misdemeanors are available if defendants
In California, you must satisfy both elements to reduce your felony conviction to a misdemeanor. Serving time in state prison after a conviction for a "wobbler" offense makes you ineligible for relief under Penal Code 17(b).
(a)A felony is a crime which is punishable with death or by imprisonment in the state prison. Every other crime or public offense is a misdemeanor except those offenses that are classified as infractions. (b)When a crime is punishable, in the discretion of the court, by imprisonment in the state prison or by fine or imprisonment in the county jail, it is a misdemeanor for all purposes under the following circumstances: (1)After a judgment imposing a punishment other than imprisonment in the state prison. (2)When the court, upon committing the defendant to the Youth Authority, designates the offense to be a misdemeanor. (3)When the court grants probation to a defendant without imposition of sentence and at the time of granting probation, or on application of the defendant or probation officer thereafter, the court declares the offense to be a misdemeanor. (4)The prosecuting attorney files a complaint in a misdemeanor court, stating the offense is a misdemeanor. If the defendant objects during arraignment or plea, the attorney amends the complaint to charge the felony, and the case proceeds on the felony charge. (5) If the magistrate decides the offense is a misdemeanor before the preliminary examination or before filing an order under Section 872, the court will treat the case as a misdemeanor complaint. (c) When the court commits a defendant to the Youth Authority for a crime punishable by imprisonment in the state prison or by fine or imprisonment in the county jail, the court deems the offense a misdemeanor for all purposes upon the defendant's discharge from the Youth Authority. (d)A violation of any code section listed in Section 19.8 is an infraction subject to the procedures described in Sections 19.6 and 19.7 when: (1)The prosecutor files a complaint charging the offense as an infraction unless the defendant, at the time he or she is arraigned, after being informed of his or her rights, elects to have the case proceed as a misdemeanor, or; (2)The defendant consents, and the court determines that the offense is an infraction. The case then proceeds as if the defendant had been arraigned on an infraction complaint. (e)This section does not permit a judge to relieve a defendant of the duty to register as a sex offender under Section 290 if the charge requires registration and the trier of fact finds the defendant guilty.
The chance vary from case to case. Generally the court considered a variety of factors when deciding whether to grant a PC 17(b) felony reduction motion. For instance
Speak to a experienced Glendale criminal defense attorney and find out how you can reduce a felony to a misdemeanor under Penal Code 17(b) PC. Our criminal defense attorneys speak English, French, Spanish, Russian, Armenian, and Italian.
An alien applying for asylum can also apply for withholding of removal at the same time. Withholding of removal is an alternative to the asylum for a foreigner who fears to return to his home country. However, it should be noted that the grant of the withholding of removal does not result in the same benefits arising from the grant of asylum.
Withholding of removal is a remedy available to an alien who cannot go back to his home country because of a threat to his life or freedom. Under the Immigration and Nationality Act, an alien cannot be removed to a country if the alien’s life or freedom would be threatened in that country because of the alien’s race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. INA § 214(b)(3)(A).
An alien is eligible for withholding of removal if he is able to establish that his life or freedom would be threatened because of one of the statutory grounds if he is removed to his home country. The alien will meet his burden of proof if he is able to show that it is more likely than not that his life or freedom would be threatened if he is removed to his home country. The “more likely than not” standard for withholding of removal is more difficult to meet than the standard for showing fear of persecution for asylum applicants.
Often times, bedsores are caused by nursing home negligence which causes injuries to the skin caused by prolonged pressure.
Bedsores, also known as pressure sores, are injuries to the skin caused by prolonged pressure. Bedsores are more prone to occur in locations on the body that have direct contact to the bone (i.e: the head, back, ankles, and hips). Bedsores have four different stages, increasing in severity throughout each stage and eventually resulting in damage of the bones itself. If not treated, bedsores can cause sepsis, bone/joint infection, and, ultimately, death. Patients are at risk of developing pressure sores if they have trouble moving and are unable to change position while seated or in bed. Immobility may be due to:
Many foreigners who are planning to apply for asylum do not know that there is a filing deadline for asylum applications. If an alien does not file the application within the deadline, his application cannot be approved even if he qualifies for asylum, unless one of the exceptions applies. Pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act, an alien must file his application for asylum within one year after the date of the alien’s arrival in the United States. INA § 208(a)(2)(B). If an alien has filed an application one year after his arrival in the United States the application may be considered only if the alien demonstrates the existence of changed circumstances which materially affect the applicant’s eligibility for asylum or extraordinary circumstances relating to the delay in filing within one year from the date of the alien’s arrival. Id. § 208(a)(2)(D). The one-year period is calculated from the date of the alien’s last arrival in the United States. The date of entry is not counted in calculating the one-year period for filing the asylum application. Minasyan v. Mukasey, 553 F.3d 1224, 1229 (9th Cir. 2009). When the last day of the one-year period falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the period will run until the end of the next working day. 8 C.F.R. § 208.4(a)(2)(ii). For purposes of the one-year rule, the application is considered to have been filed on the date it is received by USCIS. If an application is filed after the one-year period it will be considered only if one of the statutory exceptions applies.
An appeal is a request sent by a party in a lower court to a higher appellate court, in order to review and change the decision of the lower court. If a defendant is found guilty on a criminal charge, they have the right to file an appeal to the appellate court. In an appeal review, no new evidence can be shown; the court will only review the error that was shed light on by the defendant. However, the prosecutor cannot appeal the case if the defendant is found not guilty; this term is better known as “double jeopardy”.
Rules and Regulations of the Appellate Court
Federal appellate courts follow the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, as their set of regulations. On the other hand, state appellate courts follow their own state rules of appellate procedure. Both the state and federal appellate court share the power of having the final judgment on the case that is being reviewed. Although, there are exceptions to the courts final judgment rule, regarding an error in the trial court or an unconstitutional judgment.
Being arrested in California can be a stressful and frightening experience. However, it’s crucial to remember that you still retain certain rights as a citizen of the United States. Understanding these rights can help you navigate the legal system more effectively. This blog outlines your rights during an arrest, the procedures that follow, and important deadlines related to appeals for those arrested in California.
One of the key components of your rights when arrested in California is the reading of your Miranda rights. These rights must be communicated to you by law enforcement officers at the time of your arrest. If the police fail to read your Miranda rights, any information or evidence gathered during the arrest may be inadmissible in court.
Upon your arrest, you have the following rights:
Generally, in order to be eligible for asylum or refugee status, one must prove that they are either:
If you were a passed victim of ill treatment, you must prove that you were mistreated, abused, or discriminated against in your home country or last country you lived in. The abuse, mistreatment, hostility or harassment must have been based on one of the following:
In some cases, ones gender may also be a reason for the abuse, harassment, hostility or ill treatment. Generally, in these type of circumstances relate to cultures that generally practice female genital cutting or forced marriage. If you want to apply for asylum or refuge in the U.S. consult with an experienced U.S. immigration attorney in Los Angeles for free. Contact our immigration attorneys at (310) 943-1171.
Only certain number of H-1B petitions can be approved each year. There is an annual limit for new admissions in the H-1B category. An H-1B number must be available at the time of adjudicating a new petition, and USCIS will not approve an H-1B petition once the annual cap has been reached.
Only 65,000 new H-1B petitions can be approved each fiscal year. However, it should be noted that this number is reduced under the US-Singapore and US-Chile Free Trade Agreements. Under these agreements, 6,800 H-1B numbers shall be available for citizens of Chile and Singapore each fiscal year. Hence, the actual annual cap is not 65,000 but 58,200. If any part of the number set aside for Chile and Singapore is not used during a fiscal year that number is added to the general annual cap for the next fiscal year. It is also worthy to mention that only initial H-1B petitions are subject to the annual cap. Petitions for sequential employment, concurrent employment, extensions of stay, and amended petitions are not counted against the gap.
There is an exemption from H-1B annual cap for 20,000 foreign employees with advanced degrees from US universities. To fall under this exemption, the foreign employee must have a master’s or higher degree from a US university. A master’s degree is a degree for which a bachelor’s degree in any field is required. The place of the specific degree in the academic hierarchy of degrees should be considered in order to determine whether it qualifies as a master’s or higher degree or not. If the petition qualifies for another exemption, in addition to the advanced degree exemption, officers shall apply the exemption that does not include numerical limitations before applying the advanced degree exemption.
California voters approved the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana under Proposition 64. Accordingly, Proposition 64 would allow anyone 21 and older to possess, transport, buy and use up to 1 ounce of marijuana for recreational purposes. Further, this will also allow anyone 21 and older to grow up to six cannabis plants.
Theoretically, federal authorities would be able to enforce marijuana laws because the recreational use of marijuana is illegal under federal law. However, federal officials have noted that they do not plan to enforce many marijuana laws that have legalized the recreational use of marijuana.
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In order to be found guilty of extortion, the prosecutor must be able to prove all 4 elements of Extortion by threat or force under Penal Code 518 PC. There elements are:
However, if the grant of asylum is always discretionary, the immigration judge must grant withholding of removal if the applicant meets the “more likely than not” standard. The credible testimony of the applicant may be sufficient to meet his burden of proof. If the applicant is able to show past persecution in his home country there will be a presumption that the applicant’s life or freedom will be threatened if the applicant is removed to that country.
The application for asylum also constitutes an application for withholding of removal, and the alien does not have to submit a separate application for that purpose. However, it should be noted that in contrast to asylum, the withholding of removal may be granted only by the immigration judge. Furthermore, the withholding of removal may be granted even though the alien has filed the application one year after his arrival to the United States. Withholding of removal is not available to an alien if:
To sum up, withholding of removal is an option for aliens fearing to return to their home country if the alien is not eligible for asylum. Although the grant of withholding of removal does not result in permanent resident status an alien can legally stay and work in the United States without the fear of being removed to his home country.
Give us a call, our attorneys at KAASS Law speak various languages including English, French, Spanish, Russian, Armenian, Hebrew, Farsi, and Arabic.
The primary cause of bedsores may be caused due to the negligent care of nursing home. Nurses and staff members are strictly trained to care for the patient. It is necessary for nursing home staff to follow procedures intended to limit the risk of developing bedsore, as well as treating those who already have bedsores.
The customary method used to avoid bedsores is re-positioning, which aid to alleviate constant pressure in common high-pressure areas of the body. Nursing home staff has the duty to help patients reposition themselves every hour. For those patients that are restricted to a hospital bed should be re-positioned by staff at least every two hours.
If your loved one that is in a nursing home has bedsores, you may be eligible to file a negligence lawsuit on the nursing home. Documentation that proves the patient acquired the bedsores as a result of negligence of the nursing home is important. Filing a lawsuit is a productive way to handle negligence in a nursing home and it can ensure later care for the other patients. For it is crucial that the patients are taken care of properly.
Give us a call, our attorneys speak English, French, Spanish, Russian, Armenian, Hebrew, Farsi, and Arabic.
Location: 701 North Brand Blvd. Suite 100 Glendale, CA 91203 Telephone: (310) 943-1171 Email: [email protected]
An alien’s late filed application for asylum may be considered if the applicant is able to show changed circumstances which materially affect the applicant’s eligibility for asylum. This exception is for aliens who did not qualify for asylum at the time of arrival, however, due to changed circumstances, they became eligible for asylum later. It should be noted that changed circumstances do not grant an automatic extension of the one-year period. The alien must file the application within reasonable time from the changed circumstances. Matter of T-M-H- & S-W-C-, 25 I. & N. 193, 194 (B.I.A. 2010) (internal citations omitted). If the alien files the application within six months from changed circumstances the decision-maker shall determine whether the time was reasonable taking into account the totality of circumstances. Id. If the applicant has waited one year or more, such delay may be excused only in case of particular circumstances. Id. Consequently, the applicant shall file the application at least within six months after the changed circumstances otherwise it will be difficult to show that the application was filed within a reasonable time.
The second exception to the one-year rule is extraordinary circumstances relating to the delay in filing the application for asylum. These circumstances shall refer to events or factors directly related to the failure to meet the one-year deadline. 8 C.F.R. § 208.4(a)(5). As in the case of changed circumstances, the application shall be filed within reasonable time given those circumstances. Id. The applicant shall prove that he has not intentionally created those circumstances, that they are directly related to his failure to submit the application within the specified deadline, and that the delay was reasonable under the circumstances. Id.
(a) Serious illness, mental or physical disability; (b) Legal disability; (c) Ineffective assistance of counsel; (d) The applicant maintained legal status or was given parole until a reasonable period before filing the application; (e) The applicant filed the application prior to the expiration of the one-year deadline, but the application was rejected by USCIS as not properly filed, was returned to the applicant for corrections, and was re-filed within a reasonable period thereafter; (f) The death or serious illness or incapacity of the applicant’s legal representative or the applicant’s immediate family member. Id. It should be noted that this list is not exhaustive. If an applicant was unable to file the application within the one-year deadline period of other extraordinary circumstances, not listed above, the decision-maker may forgive the failure to submit the application by the deadline. To sum up, an alien who qualifies for asylum shall file the application within one year after his arrival. If the alien fails to meet the deadline his application may be considered only if it was filed within a reasonable period after changed or extraordinary circumstances. To avoid any complications the qualifying applicant shall follow the one-year rule. Give us a call, our attorneys speak English, French, Spanish, Russian, Armenian, Hebrew, Farsi, and Arabic.
The defendant can only file an appeal to the court system directly one above the court they were tried at. For example, if you were tried at a state trial court, than you may file an appeal only at the state intermediate appellate court. If one of the appeals reaches the Supreme Court, than the Supreme Court Justices have the final judgment on the case without question.
Depending on how complex the Appeal is or how many issues need to be reviewed, the cost to appeal can vary. It can range anywhere from $20,000-$50,000 and take as long as 1-2 years depending on how backed up the court is. The cost could be even lower than $20,000 depending on the cost of the services of each level of the court. The higher the level of the court, the more expensive the appeal is going to be, with the Supreme Court being the most expensive. Along with the cost, the chances of filing an appeal successfully are around 15%-25% also depending on the level of the court and complexity of the case.
Location: 701 North Brand Blvd. Suite 100 Glendale, CA 91203 Telephone: (310) 943-1171 Email: [email protected]
After being arrested in California, several legal procedures take place. Familiarizing yourself with these steps can help you understand what to expect. The typical process includes:
During the arraignment, the judge reads the charges against you. You will be asked to enter a plea—guilty, not guilty, or no contest. This initial court appearance is crucial as it sets the stage for the legal proceedings to follow.
At the preliminary hearing, the prosecutor presents evidence to a judge to demonstrate that there is enough suspicion to continue with the case. If the judge finds sufficient evidence, they will hold you to answer, allowing the prosecution to move the case to the trial court.
If the case moves forward, a second arraignment occurs approximately 14 days after the court holds you to answer. This hearing is typically held in a higher court (the Superior Court) where the charges will be formally reiterated, and further proceedings will be scheduled.
The pretrial hearing is a critical stage in which both the prosecution and defense may resolve outstanding issues before the trial. During this phase, motions may be filed by either side requesting the judge to rule on specific legal matters.
Finally, if the case proceeds to a jury trial, both the prosecution and defense will present their witnesses and evidence. A jury will analyze the information presented and ultimately deliver a verdict. The judge will then interpret this verdict and determine the appropriate sentencing.
Understanding the deadlines related to your case is essential for protecting your rights after being arrested in California:
If you wish to appeal a misdemeanor conviction, you must file a Notice of Appeal within 30 days of the judgment or order you are appealing.
If you are appealing, you need to file a notice regarding the record of oral proceedings within:
Understanding your rights when arrested in California is vital. These rights are designed to protect you and ensure a fair legal process. If you face legal challenges, it’s crucial to consult with an experienced attorney who can guide you through the complexities of the legal system. At KAASS LAW, our dedicated team is here to help you navigate your legal rights and options. Whether you need assistance understanding your Miranda rights or navigating the court process after being arrested in California, we are committed to providing you with expert legal counsel. Don’t hesitate to reach out to us for a consultation. Your rights matter, and we are here to protect them.
If you suffered severe persecution in the past, you are presumed to face future persecution as well. If the U.S. government tries to argue that your country is considered safe for you to return, but you still fear future abuse, mistreatment, harassment because of how severe your passed persecution, Under 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b)(iii)(A), you may qualify for something called humanitarian asylum, which grants receive asylum if you are able to demonstrate “compelling reasons for being unwilling or unable to return to the country arising out of the severity of the past persecution” or “there is a reasonable possibility that [you] may suffer other serious harm upon removal to that country.” For instance, if you were forced to go back to your home country or the last country you lived in, you might qualify for humanitarian asylum because you fear that you may become a social outcast. Or for instance, if everything you owned back home was destroyed, burned down, boomed, or you may potentially face extreme emotional trauma if you return to your home country or the country where you last lived, you might qualify for humanitarian asylum. If you want to apply for asylum in the U.S. consult with an experienced U.S. immigration attorney in Los Angeles for free. Contact our immigration attorneys at (310) 943-1171.
During the recent years the annual H-1B cap is usually reached within a few days after the start of the filing season. USCIS decides which H-1B petitions will be approved by conducting a lottery. The petitions received within 5 business days after the start of the filing season can participate in the lottery. USCIS first conducts lottery for petitions subject to the advanced degree exemption. After that USCIS conducts lottery for petitions subject to the regular cap. Petitions not selected during the first lottery participate in the second lottery as well.
In addition to the US advanced degree exemption, there is also an exemption for employees of certain organizations. Particularly, petitions filed by institutions of higher education, affiliated or related nonprofit entities, nonprofit research organizations, or government research organizations are exempt from the annual cap. Third party petitioners can also claim this exemption if the H-1B employee will perform job duties at the qualifying organization and directly and predominantly further the essential purposes of the qualifying institution.
As it can be seen, the annual number of available H-1B visas is very limited, and there are just a few exemptions from the general cap. During the recent years the annual cap was reached within a few days after the start of the filing season. Hence, employers, willing to hire foreign workers, must have their H-1B petitions ready by the beginning of the filing season in order to get a chance to participate in the H-1B lottery.
An immigration attorney can provide you with additional information regarding such matters.
Our experienced criminal defense attorneys in Los Angeles, CA, will help you fight the charges if authorities have falsely accused and wrongfully arrested you for blackmail or extortion. Request a criminal defense consultation with one of our defense attorneys in Los Angeles.
In California, extortion is generally treated as a felony. The penalties include:
If you or someone you know has been charged with Penal Code 518 PC extortion and you are looking to hire an attorney for representation, get in touch KAASS LAW. We can provide a consultation in office or by phone at (310) 943-1171. Our main office is in Glendale, CA, with additional locations in Los Angeles, Woodland Hills, and San Bernardino.