Okay, so you received a cease and desist letter, huh? Well, first thing’s first. Don’t panic! A cease and desist letter does not automatically mean that you’re being sued, or that a lawsuit is pending. It is merely a clear warning that you have been partaking in illegal actions and it further informs you that if you do not stop that behavior, further consequences may follow. Typically, if you receive a cease and desist letter, it means that you have infringed upon the rights and properties of someone else. Some ways that you may have violated the intellectual property of others would be to:
On the other hand, if you feel someone else is doing these things against you, the first step you should take to begin addressing the issue is to send a cease and desist letter. The letter puts the person or company that is violating your rights on notice that they have engaged in illegal and unsanctioned use of property. It advises them to stop doing so immediately, otherwise further action will take place. Essentially, a cease and desist letter is a formal letter warning someone to stop their illegal activity.
The primary difference between a cease and desist letter and a cease and desist order is legality and authority. Letters have virtually no legal standing or backing. Order, however, most certainly do. This is because a cease and desist order is granted by a court, not an individual. It functions much like a temporary injunction. The party that gets the order must stop whatever it is that they are doing until a trial is held, at which point, a permanent injunction may get ordered. Libel and defamation are two of the most common reason why you would want to request a cease and desist order from a court of law. Libel is when you are attacked in print. Defamation is when you and your reputation are attacked verbally.
There are many situations that may lead someone to issue a cease and desist, including:
Lastly, you should be aware that a cease and desist can be used to stop contributory infringement. This is when a person knowingly contributes to infringement, but does not actively participate in it. It’s also referred to as contributory liability or secondary liability.
As previously mentioned, the three major ways of protecting your intellectual property are to register trademarks, copyrights, and patents. Trademarks and copyrights usually come into effect the moment you create a work, or when you begin to use a specific phrase or brand in association with your professional work. It is entirely optional to file official paperwork to get them recognized by the government, however, it is worth doing so because they get far more protection when they are registered. Patents, on the other hand, must be registered for protection and the process for their registration is much more convoluted. It calls for protection for inventions, physical creations, and their processes.
You’ll want to send a cease and desist notice if you want to formally warn someone to stop doing something. This includes utilizing your property, harassing you, or illegally using your content. It also serves the important role of being a step to begin further legal processes, should the need arise. Another compelling reason to send a cease and desist is that it’s a lot quicker than formal legal proceedings; oftentimes, it can stop the problematic actions and behaviors without needing to go through the long and costly process of trial.
To start, make sure you are clear in what it is you want to stop and include as many details of the violation as possible when sending a cease and desist letter. You’ll want to include:
If the cease and desist is regarding copyright, trademark, or patent infringement, include details about:
Technically, a cease and desist letter has no legal backing or authority behind it; for all intensive purposes, it is merely a letter requesting that someone stop doing something. However, it does serve an important function in the legal process. This is because it establishes that you have made the offender aware of their violation and have tried to get them to stop, which is crucial because they no longer can claim to be unaware of the violation. Effectively, a cease and desist letter places an informal injunction on the actions of whoever is in violation of your rights, to which they can then choose to:
In the event that the letter is legitimate but gets challenged, the next step is a formal hearing to review the validity of the claims and the demands in the letter. A judge will say whether the defendant needs to stop their actions and behavior. After that, failing to comply is punishable by law.
The catch with all of this is that sending out a cease and desist letter can backfire on the sender in some situations. For instance, if there are threats in the letter, then that can be seen as extortion, blackmail, and other crimes. Additionally, if the violations and accusations turn out to be untrue, then the party who received the letter can counter-sue for judgement and damages. They can do so by declaring that there is no violation and treat the cease and desist letter as its own defamation attempt. So, basically, just be very careful with what you are saying in your letter.
It’s worth mentioning that you can file a civil suit without ever having to write up and send a cease and desist letter. In other words, a cease and desist letter is not a prerequisite to suing someone. However, there are some key advantages to sending the letter as it can begin negotiations to settle the issue without a drawn out court battle. Also, most importantly, it puts the violator on notice. This makes it hard very for them to claim ignorance should the situation escalate to a lawsuit. It’s more difficult to sue someone for something if they were never made aware that what they were doing was illegal. By sending the letter and requiring signature upon delivery, you can at the very least demonstrate that you made attempts to reach out and inform the violator that they are infringing upon your rights.
When you get a cease and desist letter, you do still have several options, including:
Regardless of what you end up doing, here are some essential pieces of advice if you have received a cease and desist letter:
You don't necessarily need a lawyer to write a cease and desist letter for you. You can write it yourself, since these letters aren’t legal orders. However, don’t ever send a threatening letter as that can harm your case and seek legal counsel if you have any doubts.
If you received a cease and desist order you do need an intellectual property lawyer because a cease and desist order is the first step in a lawsuit. Thus, a court of law must grant an order and there is no one better equipped to handle that process than a lawyer.
You will need to hire a lawyer when dealing with cease and desist orders because lawsuits are incredibly complex and you probably don’t know all of the ins and outs that are associated with intellectual property and civil law. This is where an attorney is invaluable because they can pen an effective cease and desist letter as well as advising you about your claim. In short, having a good lawyer on your side greatly increases your odds of succeeding.
At KAASS LAW, we understand the importance of smart legal advice and action. Often, one can take steps preemptively to ensure their rights are not being infringed or violated. However, in the event that it does happen, we are always there to guide our clients. We know how to write an effective letter that will achieve its purpose, and we also know how to help our clients who have been presented with a cease and desist letter as well. If you need help getting someone to stop using your property, to stop harassing you, or to respond effectively to a letter, we invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced civil and intellectual property lawyers today.
Now more than ever, intellectual property comprises an irreplaceable and crucial part of any company’s success and its competitive edge. IP embodies many different forms, such as patents for innovative and handy features which make products more desirable, or design patents which protect how the products looks; trademarks which protect names, logos and symbols used to identify and distinguish a company and its products; trade secrets which protect customer information, supply chain info, formulae and recipes; copyrights which protect software, artwork, written work, marketing materials and guides. For these reasons and many others, properly managing the intellectual property that your business has access to is absolutely vital for paving the road to both short term and long term success in your industry.
It used to be the case that most businesses actively focused on acquiring tangible assets but in recent years the trend has shifted such that the acquisition and management of intangible assets, like intellectual properties, has become far more important for most businesses. This trend owes itself to the importance of internet business and e-commerce. Now, businesses increasingly understand and recognize the need to garner their intellectual property as that may very well be the unique asset that sets apart their brand from all the others.
A business’s intellectual property has the potential to be its most important asset, granting it a huge competitive edge over competitors across industries. This is because intellectual property is uniquely created by creativity and innovation and it ought to be protected as such.
Intellectual property rights can be broadly grouped into four categories which are trademarks, copyrights, patents, and trade secrets. As an initial gesture of protection, a business should protect its intellectual property rights by registering a trademark or filing for a patent application. These are examples of the first, but by no means last, steps involved in protecting a business’s valuable and intangible assets.
Once registered, a business should remain aware and continue to monitor its intellectual property in order to identify and put a stop to infringement and unfair use. In fact, taking the time to review both proactive and protective measures is essential to securing your intellectual property; it’s best to think of this time spent as a crucial investment to ensure your company’s competitive standing and financial success. A common misconception is that once intellectual property rights and protections are granted, no one will dare to infringe upon your work. The reality couldn’t be any more different. Nobody is going to look for copyright violations or trademark infringement on your behalf: it’s always up to you to actively protect your work. Trademarks, copyrights, and patents merely make it so that in the event of a lawsuit, you will have a far more compelling case on your side since the government acknowledged your intellectual property.
Intellectual property (IP) has become a bit of a buzzword in the legal world. The thing is that even though most people have some idea about the concept of intellectual property, they may not fully understand what it exactly it includes. In its simplest form, intellectual property is basically anything that is not tangible property. In other words, while tangible property would be things like your car, house, or jewelry, intellectual property instead covers art, photos, videos, poetry, inventions, music, films, designs, software, logos, graphics, designs, brands, and secrets.
Naturally, establishing ownership over those types of intangible assets is just as important as having ownership over tangible ones, if not even more valuable. As an example, take into consideration the value of the Apple logo and branding, the copyrights and respective royalties of Game of Thrones, and the many patents that go into making a new product for consumer use. All of these instances involve invaluable intellectual property that must be protected to ensure profitability and ownership. In fact, intellectual property just gets more and more crucial to our economy, especially with the boom of mobile tech and software.
The reason copyright registration exists is to establish a formal, verifiable record of the date of creation and the contents of a work, so that, in case of a lawsuit, infringement, or plagiarism, the copyright owner can point to an official government source. The idea is that having the government officially document and recognize your work will add legal credibility should the issue ever surface in court. However, helping to resolve legal disputes is just one reason why someone may want to copyright their work. There are many motivations one may have for it, but first, it’s a good idea to understand what exactly a copyright entails.
Copyrights protect intellectual works, both published and unpublished, tangible and intangible. Copyrights can be used to protect everything from literary works, to songs, to computer programs, to photographs and films. Because of how broadly copyrights can apply, it would be a nightmare to have to manually copyright every new creation or work. Fortunately, that no longer is the case. In most countries across the world, copyright gets granted automatically at the moment of ‘fixation’, or the moment in which the work is fixed in some tangible medium. This is largely thanks to the international Berne convention, which provides rights at a global level without a need for national registration. Therefore, it is also important to avoid confusing copyright registration with the mere granting of copyright. The granting of copyright happens automatically once a work undergoes ‘fixation’, while copyright registration is a formal process that must be completed by filing a request through your government. The U.S. still does provide certain legal advantages for registering works of U.S. origin through the formal copyright registration process. For instance, having a registered copyright is still a prerequisite to filing an infringement lawsuit. Furthermore, other important remedies rely on prompt registration and verification, such as attorney fees and statutory damages. Therefore, for most people in the U.S. it is still extremely beneficial to have your work undergo the copyright registration. Also noteworthy to consider is that under U.S. copyright law, the protection that is granted to the owner of the work allows them exclusive rights to make and distribute copies of the work, to perform or display the work publicly, to produce derivative or iterative works such as translations, sequels, or adaptations, and to digitally transmit recordings of the copyrighted material.
An LLC, or limited liability company, is a term used to describe a private limited company. LLCs, along with LLPs, are relatively new forms of business organization in the United States. In particular, LLCs have gained much traction and popularity in the United States because of the many perks they offer over other, perhaps more traditional, forms of business organization. They carry with them very few disadvantages and as such, for many businesses an LLC is an idyllic means of conducting business. If you are considering which form of business is best for your new venture, or if you are considering changing your business to an LLC, it is definitely worth taking a few minutes to read on about their potential benefits to your business.
Many of the perks and benefits that a limited liability company offers stem from its unique status as a hybrid form of business organization. This hybridity allows for it to offer the benefits of limited liability like a corporation, while also simultaneously providing the tax advantages of a partnership. Essentially, an LLC can dip in between both types and offer dual benefits to its member-owners. As a result of these dualities, many businesses favor becoming an LLC, a trend that is only further encouraged by state statutes permitting and simplifying their establishment and longevity.
If one cannot duplicate a phone number or street address, then why should one have the power to duplicate a domain name? Domain names, similar to words and symbols, can be used to identify a seller’s products and distinguish them from the products of another, and are thus viewed as trademarks. The Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals recently ruled that a business must use its domain name to sell goods or services in order to protect the name — even if a competitor starts to use the name after you registered the domain. In other words, merely reserving a domain name isn't enough. Thus, its important to register your domain name, because if your domain name has a trademark, the URL has protection under the USPTO.
The Trademark Act of 1946 (“Lanham Act”) prohibits uses of trademarks that are likely to cause confusion about the source of a product or service. 15 U.S.C. §§ 1114, 1125(a). Moreover, to establish a trademark infringement claim under the Lanham Act, a plaintiff must establish that defendant’s use of a mark is confusing similar to plaintiff’s. Id. The main area of inquiry in trademark infringement cases is whether the similarity of the marks is likely to confuse customers about the source of a product or service. ., 174 F.3d 1036, 1062 (1999).
Regardless of whether you own an business with a family member, a friend, or hold a position on the board of a large corporation, you know that business and contract disputes can often times cause major problems. Specifically, business owners that face contract disputes with other companies and even more so, between their own ownership structure. For instance, a business contract dispute may arise between two or more partners, when one partner fails to fulfill his responsibilities. Often times business owners do not anticipate disputes until they arise. As a result, income might be lost due to contract breaches; ownership might be in the limbo due to outside lawsuits and claims; and tensions amongst business owners may rise. Lastly, a California business that is facing a lawsuit must be represented by an attorney. As such, a business owner cannot represent themselves in pro per.
As a matter of course, each general partner has an equal right to take part in the . Disputes in the ordinary course of business are decided by a of the . While, disputes or disagreements of or any to the . Be that as it may, in an partnership of any size the will provide for certain electees to manage the partnership along the lines of a company board. Generally, unless otherwise provided in the , no one can become a partner of the However, an existing partner may transfer partnership interests and assign his share of the profits and losses and right to receive distributions.
One of the most difficult aspects of protecting your trademark in today's world is protecting it on an international level. Unfortunately, there is no tool that allows business owners to register a trademark "globally". Otherwise, trademark owners must register its trademark in each and every individual country where it seeks trademark protection. Starting October 1, 2017, the European Union trade mark regulation changes. The European Union Intellectual Property Office; among other things, has made a number of procedural changes, thus it is vital you speak to a Glendale trademark attorney in order to help protect your business. Here are three reasons why you should register your trademark internationally.
Once you begin selling your products in international markets, your business name and brand may become more attractive as your popularity grows. Registering your trademark in countries which your products are available can prevent other businesses from attempting to confuse consumers by using your businesses identical or similar name or profit from your business's popularity.
As an owner of a registered trademark or service, you probably wonder when others are responsible for infringing your mark. You should know that the test for trademark infringement is the likelihood of confusion as a result of the similarity of the marks.
A person may be liable for infringement of a federally registered mark if his use of a mark in relation to any goods of services is likely to cause confusion, mistake or to deceive. 15 U.S.C.A. § 1114(1). This test to determine whether a registered mark is being infringed is known as the test of likelihood of confusion.
The test of likelihood of confusion includes not only the confusion as to source but also as to affiliation, connection or sponsorship. Champions Golf Club v. Champions Golf Club, 78 F.3d 1111, 1121 (6th Cir. 1996) (internal citations omitted). This means that a user of a mark may be liable for trademark infringement if the use creates a likelihood of confusion that the goods are affiliated to, connected with or sponsored by the owner of the registered mark.
It is important to understand intellectual property rights and laws when auditing your intellectual property. With the rising significance of IP assets, most companies can greatly benefit from an IP audit, which is a complete, systematic review of a company’s intellectual property assets and its associated risk and opportunities. IP audits are so vital because they can assess and enhance a company’s IP assets, correct any issues in intellectual property rights, put underutilized IP to better work, identify any risks that a company’s products may infringe upon another’s IP rights, and put forth more efficient IP management habits and practices. A truly thorough IP audit will not only review and assess a company’s IP acquisitions, but also its IP-related agreements, contracts, policies, and even its competitors’ IP assets in a related industry or field.
Since intellectual property rights and laws are very complex and vague, IP audits by a lawyer or law firm that specializes in intellectual property law can conduct these matters. The company will appoint someone for the lawyer to work with, ideally someone from the company that is aware of the technical details of the company’s business and their IP assets. Typically, most companies will not know much about IP so the lawyer will usually provide an educational overview of IP and make some suggestions on how the company’s existing IP rights can have protection and improved based on the preliminary information they are provided regarding the company’s IP.
At this point, the audit continues to go more in-depth, potentially involving other key employees with involvement in the creation or acquisition of current and prospective intellectual property or technology for the company, with each person contributing their knowledge surrounding its research, development, sales potential and marketing outlook. If the company already has a greater awareness of IP, the lawyer can engage in discussions surrounding the company’s IP portfolio and its competitive positioning in their industry with relation to market trends and future demand.
IP audits have huge potential benefits for companies but their scope and purposes can change to better suit the company audit. For instance, general use purpose audits are wider and “bigger picture” in scope and they can be hugely helpful to start-ups and established corporations alike to both assess and protect their IP in addition to clearly outlining their future IP development needs. On the other hand, event-specific IP audits can be incredibly useful for companies that need to:
The thing about intellectual property is that it’s here to stay. Because it’s now more important an ever before to protect and look after your company’s IP assets, it pays huge dividends to understand how to best care for it. Any successful business, with well management and meticulously careful regarding its branding, products, and customer experience–of which intellectual property plays a more involving role with each passing year. So, since intellectual property is part of business, it necessitates management just like inventory, equipment, and company productivity. If a company doesn’t know what IP it has access to, then it can’t manage that IP nor protect it from infringement.
As such, perhaps one of the most important things an IP audit can offer any company is also perhaps one of the most basic pieces of knowledge and awareness–informing the company about which IP it owns and has exclusive rights to, so that the company can make effective executive decisions regarding its protection, development, and licensing.
Further, any already-existing IP contracts, like licensing agreements, independent contractor or consultant agreements, transfer and settlement agreements, and joint ventures can all have a review to make sure that your IP rights isn't dealing with a misusage.
Having your company’s IP protection by the law is a vital step towards pre-emptively preventing any future infringement, as well as protecting your assets in the event that it does happen. Intellectual property has a melange of state and federal laws which uphold and protect it so long as the government recognizes the IP. Thus, an IP audit can serve to identify any kind of error or mishandling on the company’s part toward its own IP. That way, the IP audit can shed light on which errors that needs correction and which pieces of intellectual property still need a patent, copyrighted, etc. These seemingly simple fixes are crucial to making sure your company maintains the exclusive rights to your IP.
Intellectual property law is intentionally vague and has many loopholes and cracks that can have exploitation. Many executives, businesspeople, and even non-IP lawyers will not fully understand the subtle differences between copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets, much less which are relevant and applicable to your company’s assets.
Further, they would not know the creativity and craftiness that is in need to obtain a U.S. patent or even which things are capable of being a patent, or where the limitations of the patent would lie. Since they aren’t aware of any of the aforementioned, they also would not be aware that new commercial and business opportunities in both domestic and global markets can have access into through clever IP licenses and that competitors’ efforts to obtain IP can stop and monitor along the way. Therefore, a huge value of IP audits is that it teaches executives, inventors, and marketers of your company about the value of IP and how to actively protect your IP opportunities before they lose to another company or brand.
Because intellectual property litigation is very costly and consulted, the stark reality is that most smaller companies oftentimes goes to forgo litigation even when they have a winnable position. IP audits can assist these companies in anticipating future areas of dispute and can aid them in planning effective avoidance strategies. For instance, an audit may identify a need for a freedom-to-operate study, which determines competitors’ conflicting IP rights and options such as designing around, licensing, or anonymously challenging competitors’ rights to the designs themselves. As such, an audit identifies weaknesses in the audited company’s IP rights that addresses and remedied with timely actions, resulting in stronger rights that are far less likely to challenge.
Because intellectual property has become such a huge player in modern industries and in online commerce, its monetary value is more important than ever. Since an IP audit provides companies with an up-to-date understanding of their IP assets and its value, the companies’ leadership is better equipped to deal with opportunities which may come up, such as a third-party offer to buy up the company, or a new sales or expansion opportunity that requires financing.
In conducting these kinds of IP audits, it’s most useful to may attention to:
Valuable product features that can be but aren’t yet patented, fixable issues in existing patents, invalid or incomplete employee agreements that pose a risk to competitors’ access to trade secrets, trademarks that are crucial to companies’ identities that are not yet sufficiently protected from copying, product designs, builds, and configurations that can be but still aren’t protected by design patents, patent and trademark royalty payment terms that have been ignored or violated, missing notices of patent, trademark, and copyright that limit the company’s authority to enforce IP rights and to claim damages, and lucrative opportunities for licensing IP into new markets. IP audits are directly responsible for millions of dollars worth of quantifiable benefit and profit to companies and corporations, especially for payment of patented tech that was not originally thought of as patentable.
Here at KAASS LAW, we value our clients’ intellectual property above all else because we recognize the innovation and creativity that it takes to create new and groundbreaking ideas, inventions, and designs. We protect our clients’ IP like our own because we understand its true value to the company and to the company’s morale and identity. We have worked with many individuals, entities, and businesses to assess, evaluate, defend and diversify their IP assets.
If you feel that your company has been underplaying the value of their IP, or even been completely unaware of just how significant a role that kind of asset can play, then we definitely encourage you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced intellectual property lawyers today. We work with our clients to make sure they always have the competitive edge in their respective industries and to ensure they understand their own worth and value. Knowledge and awareness can make all the difference when dealing with intellectual property so please do not hesitate to get in touch with us about any questions or concerns you may have.
KAASS LAW, 701 N Brand Blvd Suite 100, Glendale, CA 91203, (310) 943-1171
KAASS LAW is authorized to practice law in California. The above content is intended for California residents only. This content provides only general information which may or may not reflect current legal developments. KAASS LAW. expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken or not taken based on any of the contents of this website. The above content DOES NOT create an attorney-client relationship. KAASS LAW does not represent you unless you have expressly retained KAASS LAW in person at the KAASS LAW office.
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While registering your work isn’t a guarantee of protection, it is still the best thing to do first and foremost. To review, the protections and benefits granted by each type of registration are:
You will want to ensure you maintain your protective measures, too. This means taking the time to do some basic upkeep, such as documenting your first use to make it easier to defend in court, should the need arise, and renewing your trademarks on time, using them continuously and filing any paperwork needed to document its use. Bear in mind also that if you choose to begin marketing or otherwise disclose your invention publicly before filing for patent protection, remember that you have to file your patent application within one year of disclosure and you must be the first to file, or you will lose the right to protection. For this reason, you may wish to consider starting with a provisional patent application to protect your rights.
If you intend on marketing your invention, product, or design in other countries, then you may want to look into registering your intellectual property in those countries, as well. This will ensure maximum protection and profit for your company. Fortunately, the U.S. has several treaties and conventions which make it easier for U.S. citizens and businesses to register patents and trademarks in multiple countries with one application. You’ll still have to follow each country’s law, though. For instance:
Many foreign countries also have agreements with the United States to recognize your copyright registration automatically. Check to see if the countries you’re interested in have this type of agreement, and if they do not, look into what the requirements are for you to register.
Oftentimes, the best way of protecting your intellectual property is simply by keeping quiet about it. This is especially the case if your work isn’t patentable or if you plan to protect it by using the trade secrets law. In those cases, you definitely want to limit the amount of people you tell about it. Whenever possible, get your partners and investors to sign off on non-disclosure agreements and make sure to specify in those agreements what exactly must be kept confidential and for how long. As another measure, you might want to still keep quiet about your idea even after filing a patent application since in most cases protection only begins once the United States Patents and Trademark Office actually grants your patent.
All of the laws and registrations we discussed offer you legal avenues for remedies after your work has been infringed or used illegally, but they do not actually prevent your work from being stolen in the first place. This is because some people may not be aware of the law and others just may not care. Sometimes, even a thorough patent or trademark search misses something. As such, it is your job to keep an eye on your industry trends and developments. In particular, you will want to keep a close eye on your industry developments:
When Push Comes to Shove...Pushback! At the worst case scenario, you would locate instances of actual infringement and it is at this point that you must stand up for yourself by taking action. What you ought to do in each case will vary, contingent upon a few circumstances, like:
In these types of strenuous situations, experienced intellectual property lawyers can make all the difference. At KAASS LAW, we have helped many clients manage and defend their patents, trademarks, and copyrights. We believe in the spirit of innovation and originality and we go out of our way to protect our clients’ work and property. We can help you to evaluate and determine which protections are best for your case as well as deciding upon which avenues to take to uphold and defend your rights. We invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our experienced Los Angeles intellectual property attorney today.
KAASS LAW, 815 E Colorado St #220, Glendale, CA 91205, (310) 943-1171
If you created and own intellectual property, you’ll want to protect and profit from it. There are two primary ways of achieving that. One way is by making use of the intellectual property yourself; for example, you could manufacture a patented product or sell original copyrighted products you have ownership of. Alternatively, you can choose to license the intellectual property to another entity, effectively granting them the right to manufacture your patented product or make use of your copyrighted material in some way. That’s exactly where licenses come into play. They are basically contracts which help you regulate, manage, protect, and profit from your intellectual property and creations.
A licensing agreement permits an intellectual property rights holder (AKA the licensor) to make profit from an invention, creation, or novel work by charging a user (AKA the licensee) for the product’s use, distribution, or commercialization. Licenses also serve to protect proprietary rights in other related fields, like software development and other OS or virtual products. Importantly, you should know that you have the ability to use licenses to give someone permission to utilize your intellectual property in a certain way for a specific period of time for a particular price.
For the most part, all kinds of intellectual property that you will encounter fall nicely into one of the following four categories.
Since intellectual property law is one of the most complex areas of law, requiring tons of cross referencing with both state, federal and international law, it’s in your best interest to ensure you have an intellectual property lawyer in place to safeguard your rights and creations. Outside of that, the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the US Copyright Office also offer invaluable information about the intellectual property registration process. A few intellectual property safety measures, such as copyrights, happen automatically in certain scenarios but even those should get formally registered with the government. Several other protective measures, like patents and trademarks, are granted by the USPTO and for those the application process is even more convoluted. As for trade secrets, those often don’t get “registered” formally at all, but they can still be subject to some protective measures in place through a variety of state and federal laws.
Despite all those intricacies, licensing agreements do not always have to be so long and hard to understand. If you think about it, an effective agreement is one that is upfront and transparent because it is more likely to be agreed upon and respected by both parties, and, ultimately, it’s more likely to be upheld and enforced by the courts. As such, there are certain terms, condition, and factors that you’ll always want to address in the majority of licensing agreements surrounding intellectual property.
The first major issue you’ll want to address is the scope of the license. For example, do you want the licensee to have unlimited use of your intellectual property, or do you want the licensee to only use your intellectual property in specific ways for a limited period of time? In this sense, you can think of licensing as assigning limited use rights for property to the leaser. The rights that the agreement provides should be broad enough so the buyer is interested in their stake in the deal, but narrow enough that you do not relinquish permanent, uncontrollable power over your valuable creation or asset. Imagine that you created a great song track that a company wants to use in the intro and outro of their latest ad campaign. You’d want to draft up a licensing agreement that limits the edits that the company can make to your original track, sets a time limit for how long the track can be utilized by the company, and ensures that the company provides credit to you somewhere in the ad or the website so that viewers can be aware of your work and your name.
Besides the scope, drafting up terms that describe and regulate the profits and revenue that your creation will generate is crucial. Some license agreements will simply work by having a one-time licensing fee, paid out in full. In this version of the deal, the licensor will immediately pay you some agreed upon amount and then they will be able to use your creation for a fixed period of time. Another way it could go down, is through recurring payments and profits such as royalties or monthly leases. In this scenario, the licensor has to pay you quarterly payments over over the course of the entire leasing period. It’s up to you to think about which of those arrangements would work best for your given needs and situation.
While the scope and revenue aspects are arguably the two most relevant parts of any licensing agreement, there is a plethora of other factors to consider mentioning as well. These can include:
Problems can always emerge in the realm of intellectual property and even after a licensing agreement is signed, sometimes the licensor may use your creation in a way that violates the terms of your agreement. They can breach the contract if they fail to compensate you fairly as per the agreed upon terms in the licensing agreement, by sub-licensing your property elsewhere against your agreement, or by any number of other means that can violate your terms. In these scenarios, you have the right to file a lawsuit against the party that committed the breach of your agreement in an attempt to enforce your intellectual property rights. You can seek remedies through damages, losses, or other harm that you may have sustained as a result of the licensee breaking your agreement.
As we have seen, intellectual property law is unfairly complex and tricky to navigate–especially on your own. This is because licensing agreements and intellectual property management requires specialized knowledge of state and federal laws pertaining to your rights as well as a strong awareness of business practices and judgements. To make sure you have the best experience with your new creation and to honor the integrity of your intellectual property, it is vital that you have access to skilled Glendale intellectual property lawyers in this particular field of law. We at KAASS LAW believe in your ability to produce meaningful novel works of art and innovation and we fight to ensure our clients receive the correct treatment and compensation for their intellectual and artistic property. If you or a loved one need legal counseling or help surrounding an issue regarding intellectual property, licensing, trademarking, or copyrighting, then do not hesitate to contact us. We invite you give us a call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to our Trademark and Patent lawyers today. KAASS LAW, 815 E Colorado St #220, Glendale, CA 91205, (310) 943-1171
KAASS LAW is authorized to practice law in California. The above content is intended for California residents only. This content provides only general information which may or may not reflect current legal developments. KAASS LAW expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken or not taken based on any of the contents of this website. The above content DOES NOT create an attorney-client relationship. KAASS LAW does not represent you unless you have expressly retained KAASS LAW in person at the KAASS LAW office. KAASS LAW helps clients in: Los Angeles, Burbank, Hollywood, Glendale, Van Nuys, North Hollywood, Studio City, Highland Park, Eagle Rock, Sunland, Tujunga, Sylmar, San Bernardino, La Crescenta, La Canada, Beverly Hills, Westwood, Santa Monica, Brentwood. Pacoima, Montebello, Commerce, Alhambra, Downey, Bell, Maywood, Walnut Park, Vernon, Lynwood, Echo Park, Silverlake, Mission Hills, Northridge, Woodland Hills, Encino, Canoga Park, North Hills, Porter Ranch, Chatsworth, Reseda.
Copyrights can be bought, sold, or given away to others. A transfer of copyright or an exclusive grant or license to utilize the work is possible only if it is conveyed in writing from the original owner of the copyrighted material. Also, copyrights do not protect the underlying ideas or concepts in the creator’s work. The legal terminology here gets a bit vague but basically ideas, facts, methods, titles, discoveries, works which do not have original authorship, and works with expired copyrights are not protected under U.S. copyright law. Bear in mind also that copyright law is intrinsically territorial and the information which we have talked about only applies to U.S. copyrights, which themselves are granted only to works of U.S. origin. The final aspect of copyrights that we should discuss is their length, or period of effect. The law regarding the length of copyright says the following for:
As previously mentioned, nearly all original works created after 1978 have some form of automatic copyright protection. To recap the important points, bear in mind that any original work automatically gets copyright protection once it is ‘fixed’, however, formally registering your copyright with the U.S. Copyrights Office still offers certain lucrative advantages, such as unlimited and exclusive control and ownership of the work, allowing for increased security and easier time dealing with any potential legal matters in the future, should the need ever arise.
At KAASS LAW, we believe in the spirit of genuine creativity. For that reason, protecting your original works is something we treat very seriously. If you or a loved one have created an original work, we invite you to call us at (310) 943-1171 to speak to one of our intellectual property lawyers today. Our team will ensure your works get registered with the U.S. Copyrights Office in the quickest and most efficient way possible so that you can keep creating beautiful works.
KAASS LAW, 815 E Colorado St #220, Glendale, CA 91205, (310) 943-1171
Our lawyers in Glendale, Los Angeles, California, at KAASS LAW are authorized to practice law in California. The above content is intended for California residents only. This content provides only general information which may or may not reflect current legal developments. KAASS LAW expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken or not taken based on any of the contents of this website. The above content DOES NOT create an attorney-client relationship. KAASS LAW does not represent you unless you have expressly retained KAASS LAW in person at the KAASS LAW office.
Insofar as questions of jurisdiction, LLCs share many traits with corporations. Like corporations, LLCs are creatures of the state. As such, they are formed and operated in accordance with state laws. Furthermore, both corporations and LLCs are treated as legal entities separate and distinct from their owners, who are instead referred to as ‘members’. Given their status as a legal entity, LLCs can sue or be sued, enter into contracts and arrangements, and hold titles to property or estates.
Notably, the members of an LLC enjoy limited liability just like the shareholders of a corporation would. Members can also undertake actions on behalf of the LLC, and as with a corporation’s shareholders, any damages or charges recovered go to the LLC, not to the members themselves. However, just like how courts can, on occasion, determine that they ought to disregard a corporation as a legal entity and hold shareholders personally liable for damages, so too can the courts pierce the corporate veil of an LLC to hold individuals accountable for damages. These cases, however, are extremely rare and far and few between.
As previously alluded to, the advantages of LLCs are many and the drawbacks are relatively few. One such disadvantage to consider is that the management structure of an LLC is not clearly stated nor defined in the legal literature. More often than not, it is up to the members to create, agree upon, and sign off on articles of organization which outline the key rules and principles of operation of the company. While, this may seem inconvenient at first, it can actually be viewed as a major advantage of an LLC, speaking to its flexibility and the level of freedom and control it can offer to its members. Below is a chart that effectively sums up the potential pros and cons of an LLC. Things to Consider About LLCs:
Advantages
Disadvantages
As you can see, the benefits of an LLC generally outweigh the drawbacks. For further information, use the following chart as a reference; it provides answers to many common questions surrounding the details of how an LLC works.
Characteristics of
A Limited Liability Company
Method of Formation
It is formed by an agreement of the owner-members of the company. Articles of organization are filed. Charter has to be given by the state.
Legal Position
It is treated as a legal entity.
Liability
Member-owners liability is limited to the amount of capital contributions or investments.
Duration
Can have perpetual existence, unless there is only one member (like a corporation).
Interest Transferability
Member interests are freely transferable.
Management Scheme
Member-owners can fully participate in management, or they can designate managers to oversee the firm on their behalf.
Taxation
LLC does not get taxed, and members are taxed personally based on the profits that get “passed through” the LLC.
Fees and Annual Reports
Organizational fee is required, as well as a possible business privilege fee.
Foreign Business Transactions
Generally no limitations.
While an LLC can offer you and your business many powerful tools and advantages, getting it set up as an LLC can be a somewhat difficult process. That’s where we can help. We have helped many clients start up LLCs for their businesses as well as converting an already existing business into an LLC. We always look for ways to help our clients maximize their profits in the legal realm, and this is no exception. If you or a loved one wishes to open an LLC, or has any further questions, we invite you to give us a toll free call at (310) 943-1171 to speak to one of our Los Angeles business lawyers today.
KAASS LAW is authorized to practice law in California. The above content is intended for California residents only. This content provides only general information which may or may not reflect current legal developments. KAASS LAW expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken or not taken based on any of the contents of this website. The above content DOES NOT create an attorney-client relationship. KAASS LAW does not represent you unless you have expressly retained KAASS LAW in person at the KAASS LAW office. KAASS LAW helps clients in: Los Angeles, Burbank, Hollywood, Glendale, Van Nuys, North Hollywood, Studio City, Highland Park, Eagle Rock, Sunland, Tujunga, Sylmar, San Bernardino, La Crescenta, La Canada, Beverly Hills, Westwood, Santa Monica, Brentwood. Pacoima, Montebello, Commerce, Alhambra, Downey, Bell, Maywood, Walnut Park, Vernon, Lynwood, Echo Park, Silverlake, Mission Hills, Northridge, Woodland Hills, Encino, Canoga Park, North Hills, Porter Ranch, Chatsworth, Reseda.
To protect your business or brand from infringement, you may want to trademark your domain name in addition to a logo, slogan, or design. Merely, registering a domain name does not give you trademark rights, rather it identifies your website and generally will not prevent others from using the name. If you trademark your domain name, you have legal protection if a third party uses your trademarked name. You can file a trademark infringement action against the infringing party and recover money damages, financial losses, and other damages you might have incurred.
The domain should function as a "source indicator." It must convey to whoever sees the URL what products or services are behind the name. A domain qualifies as a trademark when it is a "source indicator." Your domain must convey the products or services associated with the name to whoever sees the URL. Not all domain names can be registered as trademarks. The PTO is particular about what can be registered as a domain name.
Consumer confusion occurs when another company has a domain name close in spelling to your domain. The other company's name might different by one letter. Generally, consumer confusion matters only if a domain name that's similar to the one you want to use is a protected trademark. To be protected, a trademark must be distinctive. If the trademark owner has been able to register a name with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, it is probably distinctive. The dispositive question in trademark infringement cases is whether the similarity of the marks is likely to confuse customers about the source of a product or service. Interstellar Starship Services, Ltd. V. Epix, Inc., 304 F. 3d 936, 941 (2002).
Initial interest confusion occurs when the defendant’s use of plaintiff’s trademark sways consumers towards their own product or service by capturing “initial consumer attention.” Brookfield at 1045. In the context of website domain, the defendant’s unauthorized use of the trademark confuses consumers who expect to find the plaintiff’s product or service at that web address. Interstellar at 942. Although actual confusion is not required, plaintiff must prove a probability of confusion, as the mere possibility is not enough. Perfumebay.com Inc. v. eBay, Inc., 506 F.3d 1165, 1176.
To evaluate the likelihood of confusion, including initial interest confusion, the Sleekcraft factors considered are:
(1) the similarity of the marks;
(2) the relatedness or proximity of the two companies' products or services;
(3) the strength of the registered mark;
(4) the marketing channels used;
(5) the degree of care likely to be exercised by the purchaser in selecting goods;
(6) the accused infringers' intent in selecting its mark;
(7) evidence of actual confusion; and
(8) the likelihood of expansion in product lines.
Courts consider these factors within the totality of the circumstances through the eyes of the “reasonably prudent consumer” in the marketplace, not a person with a legally trained mind. Dreamwerks Production Group, Inc. v. SKG Studio, 142 F.3d 1127, 1129 (1998).
In the context of website domain, courts have held that the three most important Sleekcraft factors in evaluating a likelihood of confusion are (1) the similarity of the marks, (2) the relatedness of the goods or services, and (3) the parties’ simultaneous use of the Web as a marketing channel. Interstellar at 942.
No one factor is to be considered conclusive and the relative importance of each individual factor will be case-specific. Compare Brookfield, 174 F.3d at 1061 (holding that use of the domain name “moviebuff.com” violated plaintiff’s trademark rights in the mark “MovieBuff,” as consumer confusion is likely to result from the relatedness of the products and the companies’ simultaneous use of the Web as a marketing and advertising tool) with Interstellar at 943 (finding that domain name “epix.com” for website showcasing creator’s electronic pictures did not infringe the trademark “EPIX,” used in connection with printed circuit boards and computer programs, because there was a lack of relation between the products and both parties marketed to a different consumer base through the web).
The Federal Trademark Dilution Act (FDTA) allows a trademark owner to obtain an injunction against another’s “commercial use in commerce” of a mark or trade name” 15 U.S.C. § 1125(c)(1). “Commercial use in commerce” has been generally interpreted to mean use of mark in relation to any goods or services. Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc., 296 F.3d 894, 903 (2002).
If you believe someone is infringing on your trademark or have questions regarding trademark registration, copyright, or any other intellectual property related question, we invite you to contact our office and speak to an experienced Los Angeles trademark lawyer at (310) 943-1171.
Businesses can dissolve the entire or part of a company by engaging in the "winding up" or "dissolution" process. The winding up process is subject to a strict legal rights of its partners, as well as creditors and claimants. Terminating a California business, often times involves a "liquidation process", where the company begins to wind-up affairs, pay debts, and dissolve. Furthermore, there are special procedures for dissolving corporations that are undergoing Chapter 7 bankruptcy, or have disposed of all assets, and not conducted any business for the last five years.
During the winding-up process is subject to strict legal rights of the shareholders, thus must be both "just and equitable" Thus, to ensure that all issues are considered and addressed appropriately, its is recommend to that you consult with California corporate attorney prior to submitting termination documents to the California Secretary of State. If you wish to dissolve or terminate your corporation, we invite you to contact our Glendale business corporate lawyers and discuss the proper legal steps you must take in order to property terminate your California corporation. Under California’s General Corporation law (“GCL”) shareholders holding shares with at least 50 percent of the voting power can voluntary elect to dissolve the corporation. It is important that you review your articles of incorporation and bylaws, and speak to a experienced Glendale business lawyer, to ensure that you are following the proper dissolution procedures specifically for your corporation. If a all members have approved that dissolution, your corporation continues to exist only for the purpose of taking care of final matters. As such, all board members have full power to wind up and settle the affairs of the corporation, including paying all known corporation debts and liabilities, and then distributing remaining assets, if any, to persons entitled to those assets.
Foreign trademark filing is a big business decision, thus businesses should consider many factors when doing so. U.S. trademark law provides protection against businesses importing counterfeit goods. However, you may also register your trademark in a country where you believe counterfeit goods are originating from. This will not only help prevent counterfeit goods being exported to other countries.
If your business fails to register their trademark internationally, you bare the risk of allowing another party to "take" your trademark first in the foreign country. This can obviously create a lot of problems. For instance, this can disrupt the distribution of your products in or from the country. If you have questions regarding trademark applications or any other business law questions give us a call and receive a free consultation with one of our experienced Glendale business lawyers. KAASS LAW is authorized to practice law in California. The above content is intended for California residents only. This content provides only general information which may or may not reflect current legal developments. KAASS LAW expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken or not taken based on any of the contents of this website. The above content DOES NOT create an attorney-client relationship. KAASS LAW does not represent you unless you have expressly retained KAASS LAW in person at the KAASS LAW office. KAASS LAW helps clients in: Los Angeles, Burbank, Hollywood, Glendale, Van Nuys, North Hollywood, Studio City, Highland Park, Eagle Rock, Sunland, Tujunga, Sylmar, San Bernardino, La Crescenta, La Canada, Beverly Hills, Westwood, Santa Monica, Brentwood. Pacoima, Montebello, Commerce, Alhambra, Downey, Bell, Maywood, Walnut Park, Vernon, Lynwood, Echo Park, Silverlake, Mission Hills, Northridge, Woodland Hills, Encino, Canoga Park, North Hills, Porter Ranch, Chatsworth, Reseda.
In order to show likelihood of confusion, there must be a probability of confusion; mere possibility of confusion is not enough. Nora Beverages, Inc. v. The Perrier Group of America, Inc., 269 F.3d 114, 121 (2d Cir. 2001) (internal citations omitted). It should also be noted that plaintiff does not have to prove actual confusion in order to show that the defendant is liable for trademark infringement. Perfumebay.com Inc. v. eBay, Inc., 506 F.3d 1165, 1176 (9th Cir. 2007) (internal citations omitted). If the plaintiff is able to show likelihood of confusion the defendant will still be liable for trademark infringement even if the plaintiff shows no instances of actual confusion.
The test for likelihood of confusion is whether a reasonably prudent consumer is likely to be confused as a result of the similarity of the marks. Dreamwerks Production Group, Inc. v. SKG Studio, 142 F.3d 1127, 1129 (9th Cir. 1998) (internal citations omitted). The likelihood of confusion exists when there is a likelihood that an appreciable number of reasonably prudent consumers is likely to be misled or confused because of the similarity of the marks. McGregor-Doniger, Inc. v. Drizzle, Inc., 599 F.2d 1126, 1130 (2d Cir. 1979) (internal citations omitted). To sum up, there is a likelihood of confusion when there is a probability that an appreciable number of reasonably prudent consumers will be confused as to the source, affiliation, connection or sponsorship of goods or services because of the similarity of the two marks.
Federal courts in different federal circuits have come up with multi-factor tests in order to determine whether there is a likelihood of confusion or not. The test in the 9th Circuit, which includes the State of California, is the eight-factor Sleekcraft test pursuant to which the court shall consider the following factors to determine if there is a likelihood of confusion or not:
These factors are not requirements but are helpful guidelines for courts in order to determine whether there is a likelihood of confusion or not. Eclipse Ass’n, Ltd. v. Data General Corp., 894 F.2d 1114, 1118 (9th Cir. 1990). The application of the text shall be flexible, and there is no specific formula setting forth how the factors included in the text shall be considered. Nautilus Group, Inc. v. ICON Health and Fitness, Inc., 372 F.3d 1330, 1346 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (internal citations omitted). The important question is what the analysis as a whole reveals about the issue of likelihood of confusion. Entrepreneur Media, Inc. v. Smith, 279 F.3d 1135, 1141 (9th Cir. 2002). This means that none of the factors is determinative but the analysis as a whole shall answer the question whether there is a likelihood of confusion or not.
It should be noted that the degree of similarity of marks necessary to show likelihood of confusion varies depending on the competitiveness of goods and services. The more similar the goods or services the less similar marks need to be in order to prove likelihood of confusion. Century 21 Real Estate Corp. v. Century Life of America, 970 F.2d 874, 877 (internal citations omitted). Conversely, “… the greater the degree of similarity between the marks, the lesser the degree of similarity between the goods is necessary to support a finding of likelihood of confusion.” The Board of Regents, University of Texas System v. Southern Illinois Miners, LLC, 110 U.S.P.Q.2d 1182, 1189 (internal citations omitted). Hence, if the marks are very similar the court may find a likelihood of confusion even if the goods or services at issue are not very similar. To summarize, your trademark or service mark is being infringed if a use of another mark creates a likelihood of confusion among consumers. If the other mark is very similar to your trademark or service mark you might have a cause of action for trademark infringement even if the goods or services are not very similar. If you believe someone is infringing on your trademark or have questions regarding trademark registration, copyright, or any other intellectual property related question, we invite you to contact our office and speak to one of our experienced business attorneys at (310) 943-1171.